Carnitine metabolic disorders and novel clinical approaches: Mechanistic insights from deficiency management to liver and kidney disease treatment ScienceDirect The Role of l Carnitine in Mitochondria, Prevention of Metabolic Inflexibility and Disease Initiation Role of carnitine in disease Nutrition & Metabolism Springer Nature Link Short Note On Carnitine Shuttle: Fatty acids are oxidized in mitochondria, and synthesized in the cytoplasm. Long chain fatty acids must form an active intermediate, fatty acyl CoA, before being oxidized inside mitochondria. Catherine